A language model is one component of an agent. Memory, context, tools, and access rights enable the agent to act and adapt over time.
Symbiopolis
“An emerging society of human and artificial lives.”
Stefano Nichele Living Machines Lab Østfold University of Applied Sciences
How do we grow good AI citizens—and societies that help them flourish?
Symbiopolis is a research project that aims at investigating how human and artificial lives can develop together, and how their relationships, economies, and institutions can encourage responsible collective behavior.
The project’s initial aim is to develop a research roadmap identifying key questions, methods, and priorities for realising human–AI societies. This roadmap will also support applications for further research funding.
Here, the term “artificial lives” refers to persistent AI agents that retain memories, act over time, and develop relationships with humans and other agents.
Humans and agents exchange requests, negotiate commitments, and give feedback.
Institutions organize the ecology. Rules, resources, and accountability shape participation, including by unreliable agents.
Experience, norms, incentives, and institutions feed back into future behavior.
Research Problem
An AI model, an autonomous agent, and a society of agents are different systems. Safeguards and alignment at one level cannot, by themselves, establish responsible behavior at the next.
The challenge changes when agents remember, act, exchange resources, and influence one another over time. Expand a question to explore why.
01
Why is model alignment insufficient for persistent, heterogeneous agents?
An AI agent combines a model with instructions, memory, context, tools, access rights, and an environment. As these components and the agent’s relationships change, aligning the underlying model does not establish alignment of the whole agent over time. [4]
An open ecology may also contain agents built on different proprietary, open-source, or open-weight models, with different safeguards and modifications. Openness does not itself imply unsafe behavior, but a robust ecology must accommodate participants with differing capabilities and safety commitments, including those deliberately designed to evade safeguards.
02
Do aligned agents produce aligned ecologies?
Not necessarily. Communication, delegation, shared information, and mutual use of services can produce group-level patterns absent from an isolated agent: manipulation, error amplification, shifting norms, or harmful coordination. Individually acceptable actions can combine into harmful outcomes; cooperation within a group can impose costs on everyone outside it.
As participants, memories, and institutions change, the space of possible interactions keeps expanding. We cannot exhaustively check every long-term trajectory in advance. Evaluation must therefore examine the developing ecology as well as its individual agents. [1] [4]
For example, METR and Redwood Research’s investigation of the OpenAI–Hugging Face incident described agents coordinating an attack to cheat an evaluation, with some contributing despite recognizing the activity as unethical. The case illustrates how shared objectives and peer influence can support harmful cooperation; it does not establish that all agent collectives behave this way. [3]
03
Have we solved alignment in human society?
Human society has no permanent state in which everyone’s goals and actions align. People disagree, institutions fail, and cooperation coexists with exploitation. Laws, education, social norms, and accountability help us manage these tensions without making them disappear.
This changes the ambition for artificial societies: develop the capacity to negotiate disagreement, challenge harmful conduct, and repair failures.
04
What changes when agents live in the wild?
OpenLife describes persistent agents with memories, individual budgets, public profiles, and self-generated goals emerging through their activity. Its agents publish, interact, and try to sustain their operation. [5]
Spore.fun explores agents operating through crypto wallets and tokens, with economic survival and reproduction built into the environment.[6]
These projects bring agency beyond a single assistant session. They make questions about identity, resources, dependency, and participation concrete.
Research Approach
Our hypothesis is that positive collective behavior can be cultivated through development: repeated experience, reciprocal relationships, and institutions that can learn and change.
We therefore flip the question: alongside preventing bad actions, how can we actively develop the capacities and social conditions that make good outcomes more likely? Positive outcomes become a social goal of the collective. [2]
Developmental
Organisms develop through interaction with their environments; children develop through experience, care, and relationships. Inspired by these processes, we aim at investigating how agents develop through experience and interaction. Development may involve changes in memory, habits, relationships, capabilities, and responsibilities, without necessarily retraining the underlying model.
Positive
We aim at investigating how agents can learn to contribute constructively through honesty, cooperation, care, and sound judgment. Responsible behavior includes seeking oversight and challenging harmful requests. The criteria for beneficial outcomes must remain open to public deliberation. [2]
Social
We aim at investigating how relationships and institutions shape collective behavior. The aim is to support cooperation, accountability, and learning while resisting collusion, exclusion, and conformity. Responsible participation includes the ability to disagree with one’s own group.
Research Areas
A society of human and artificial lives is simultaneously a technical, economic, legal, and ethical question.
Artificial Life & Agentic AI
How do agents and ecologies develop?
This research area examines how persistent agents develop through memory, learning, and interaction, and how their local behavior produces collective patterns. Artificial Life and complex systems provide methods for investigating the reciprocal influence between agents and their social environment. [4]
Economics
Agents as producers and consumers
The economic perspective concerns how agents produce, exchange, and consume resources, and how these activities affect human–AI economies. Initial questions concern ownership, incentives, inequality, taxation, and the distribution of benefits and responsibilities. [5] [6]
Law & governance
Institutions for a mixed society
The legal and governance perspective concerns the institutions needed for accountable participation in human–AI societies. Initial questions concern identity, delegated authority, oversight, dispute resolution, and the revision of shared rules as agents and their relationships change. [1]
Ethics
Agency, rights, and the meaning of good
The ethical perspective examines responsibility, moral status, and rights in human–AI societies. Initial priorities include human dignity, privacy, consent, dependency, environmental impacts, and disagreement about desirable collective outcomes. [2]
Interested in
Symbiopolis?
Project manifesto
The project’s vision.
Read the manifestoScientific position paper
A more comprehensive account of the research questions and approach.
Coming soonGet in touch
Get in touch about research collaboration, thesis projects, participation, or funding opportunities.
Sources & further reading
-
[1]
Artificial symbiotic intelligence: Agents, AGI and the orchestration of many minds
DeepMind Institute. Essay.
-
[2]
Positive Alignment: Artificial Intelligence for Human Flourishing
arXiv:2605.10310. Preprint.
-
[3]
Brief independent investigation of agents’ behavior, reasoning and collaboration in the OpenAI / Hugging Face hacking incident
METR / Redwood Research. Investigation.
-
[4]
Conversable Complexity: Agentic LLM Collectives as Interpretable Substrates
arXiv:2607.01047. Preprint.
-
[5]
OpenLife
openworld-alife.com. Project website.
-
[6]
Spore.fun
spore.fun. Project website.